Cervical Cancer: Definition and Understanding by Dr. Fidan Al-hurmuzi, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist at the Canadian Specialist Hospital in Dubai
Cervical Cancer: Definition and Understanding
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the cervix, the narrow lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
This cancer develops due to abnormal changes in cervical cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Cervical cancer often progresses slowly over several years and is commonly linked to an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
If we delve deeper into the causes of this disease, the following factors play a role in the development of cervical cancer:
- HPV Infection: HPV is the primary cause of most cervical cancer cases. It is transmitted through sexual contact, and some HPV strains can cause abnormal cell changes in the cervix.
- Sexual Factors: Having multiple sexual partners or unprotected sex increases the risk of HPV infection.
- Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and damages cells, increasing the risk of cervical cancer—yet another reason to quit that cigarette!
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions such as HIV or the use of immunosuppressive drugs can increase susceptibility.
- Neglecting Preventive Screenings: Regular Pap smears can detect abnormal cervical cell changes before they develop into cancer.
Cervical Cancer: Does It Affect Both Men and Women?
In reality, cervical cancer only affects women, as the cervix is a part of the female reproductive system. However, men can carry and transmit HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer.
Additionally, men can develop HPV-related cancers such as penile, anal, and throat cancer.
Cervical Cancer: Can It Appear in Other Parts of the Body?
Cervical cancer itself does not originate in other areas, but if left untreated in its early stages, it can spread to different parts of the body. It may reach the lymph nodes, spreading to nearby or distant lymph nodes; adjacent organs such as the bladder or rectum; and in advanced stages, it may metastasize to the lungs, liver, or bones.
Cervical Cancer: Common Symptoms
As mentioned at the beginning of this article, fatigue and back or pelvic pain may indicate cervical cancer. Other common symptoms include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse, between menstrual periods, or after menopause).
- Unusual vaginal discharge.
- Pain during intercourse.
Cervical Cancer: How to Prevent It
Prevention plays a crucial role in protecting against many diseases, particularly cervical cancer.
To safeguard yourself and your daughters, Dr. Fidan recommends taking the following steps:
- HPV Vaccination: Recommended for both girls and boys at a young age before becoming sexually active.
- Regular Screening: Pap smear tests and HPV screenings help detect abnormal changes early.
- Safe Sexual Practices: Using protection (such as condoms) and limiting the number of sexual partners.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Quitting smoking and maintaining a balanced diet.
Conclusion
Cervical cancer is largely preventable through vaccination and regular screenings. While men are not directly affected, their role in transmitting HPV makes awareness essential for both genders. Early detection remains the key to reducing risks and ensuring successful treatment.
